Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Virulence and Pathogenesis Issues

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Virulence and Pathogenesis Issues Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative, motile, vigorous pole formed bacterium which can happen as singles, two by two and every so often in short chains. P.aeruginosa is a pervasive life form which can multiply under the sparest conditions, for example, sinks, toilets, makeup, vaporisers, inhalers, respirators, and anaesthesiology and dialysis gear. Tainted patients and staff are additionally potential essential wellsprings of disease (2). P.aeruginosa is a significant entrepreneurial pathogen of the immunocompromised causing a wide scope of nosocomial contaminations. These incorporate contaminations of consume, post usable injuries, urinary tract (particularly in patients with catheters), ears and eyes. Disease regularly prompts sepsis and passings can happen (3). This living being is related with the best dreariness and mortality in cystic fibrosis (4) and is predominant among patients with consume wounds and intravenous medication clients (5, 6). P.aeruginosa can endure and du plicate in wet situations and on most bits of gear in emergency clinic wards. This is of significance in cross contamination control (4). P.aeruginosa is the most significant, safe and perilous living being contaminating consume patients (7). It is the fifth regular pathogen among clinic microorganisms and causes 10% of all medical clinic procured diseases (8). The pace of commensalisation increments as the span of emergency clinic stay expands (9). Epidermiologically, P.aeruginosa is positioned as the fourth reason for nosocomial diseases in the United States (10). An examination on different clinical detaches was led in Afghanistan at the Post Graduate Medical Institute (PGMI) Hayatabal Medical Complex to find out the pervasiveness and antimicrobial helplessness examples of P.aeruginosa diseases. Among the positive segregates, 6.67% were P.aeruginosa with the most elevated pace of disease saw in orthopedic ward (24.61%) and 0PD (20%). The most noteworthy level of P.aeruginosa separates were seen in discharge (57.64%) (11). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is impervious to numerous antimicrobial operators and has hence become predominant and significant when the more vulnerable microscopic organisms of the ordinary vegetation are smothered (1). With the across the board utilization of quinolones both in the clinic and in the basic setting, sedate safe P.aeruginosa disconnects have risen and keep on heightening quickly (12). The antimicrobial operators are losing their viability because of unpredictable utilization of anti-infection agents, absence of mindfulness, understanding rebelliousness and unhygienic conditions (11). Like most gram negative bacilli, P.aeruginosa has been accounted for to have created protection from normally utilized anti-infection agents and disinfectants. It was initially delicate to Carbernicillin, piperacillin, Gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and different medications. Anyway it is currently impervious to these anti-infection agents (13, 14). The destructiveness factors related with P.aerugin osa diseases incorporate cytotoxin creation, the living beings capacity to shape a biofilm, produce gelatinase, elastase and soluble protease. These reason the devastation of connective tissue and corruption of host immunological components (15, 16). The essential point of this examination is to decide the pervasiveness of P.aeruginosa in wound contaminations and its affectability to normally utilized anti-microbials in inpatients at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals. PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most well-known Gram-negative microorganisms recognized in the clinical examples of emergency clinic conceded patients. It is a pole that measures about 0.6 2â µm and is motile by methods for a solitary polar flagellum (1, 18). P. aeruginosa is noted for its metabolic adaptability and its extraordinary capacity to colonize a wide assortment of conditions and furthermore for its inherent protection from a wide assortment of antimicrobial operators. It is a commit aerobe that develops well at temperatures between 37-42Â °C. Because of its pervasive nature, P. aeruginosa develops promptly on a media (1). On Blood agar they are frequently ÃŽ ²-haemolytic while on MacConkey agar they produce pale states since they don't mature lactose. P.aeruginosa is oxidase positive (17). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is notable for its creation of two solvent shades, pyocyanin which is a non-fluorescent somewhat blue color and the fluorescent shade pyoverdin, which gives a greenish shading to the media. P. aeruginosa additionally delivers a sweet grape-like smell because of the creation of 2-aminoacetophenone (1, 17). PATHOGENESIS P. aeruginosa is pathogenic when acquainted with zones lacking typical host resistances for instance when there is tissue harm and during malignancy treatment where there is neutropaenia (1). P.aeruginosa is a significant deft pathogen of the immunocompromised causing a wide scope of nosocomial diseases. These incorporate diseases of consume, post employable injuries, urinary tract (particularly in patients with catheters), ears and eyes (in clients of broadened wear delicate contact focal points). Disease as often as possible prompts sepsis and passings can happen (3). This life form is related with the best grimness and mortality in cystic fibrosis (4) and is common among patients with consume wounds and intravenous medication clients (5, 6). It produces cytotoxins, proteases and haemolysins. Disengages from patients with Cystic fibrosis produce a polysaccharide, alginate. The alginate, pili and external film intervene bond to have epithelia (19). Harmfulness FACTORS The capacity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cause a wide scope of diseases is because of its capacity to create various cell-related (bonds, alginate, pili, flagella and lipopolysaccharide) and extracellular (elastase, exoenzyme S, exotoxin A, haemolysins, iron restricting proteins, leukocidins and proteases) destructiveness factors. These intercede various procedures including grip, supplement procurement, insusceptible framework avoidance, leukocyte executing, tissue bond and circulation system intrusion (20, 21). CELL-ASSOCIATED VIRULENCE FACTORS P.aeruginosa requires a penetrate in first-line guards to start disease. This can result from change of the immunologic guard components for instance in chemotherapy-incited immunosuppression and AIDS, interruption of the defensive parity of mucosal typical vegetation by wide range anti-infection agents, or break of ordinary mucosal boundaries for instance injury and consumes (21, 23). Adherence of P. aeruginosa to have epithelium is intervened by type 4 pili, that stretch out from the cell surface (1, 22). Flagella, principally answerable for motility may likewise go about as adhesins to epithelial cells (23). Lipopolysaccharides are answerable for endotoxic properties of the living being while the exopolysacharride is liable for the mucoid states from patients with Cystic fibrosis (1). EXTRACELLULAR VIRULENCE FACTORS These are extracellular items delivered by P. aeruginosa that can cause broad tissue harm. They incorporate exotoxin An, exoenzyme S, elastase, basic protease however the commitment of a given factor shifts with the sort of contamination (24). Exotoxin A catalyzes ADP-ribosylation and inactivation of extension factor 2, prompting restraint of protein biosynthesis and cell passing (25). It is additionally answerable for nearby tissue putrefaction (1). Exoenzyme S is additionally an ADP-riboslytransferase that ribosylates GTP restricting proteins bringing about direct tissue harm (26). Phospholipase C and rhamnolipid are haemolysin delivered by P. aeruginosa. They breakdown lipids and lecithin and both have cytotoxic impacts (27). Pseudomonas aeruginosa likewise delivers poisons which incorporate Las B elastase, Las An elastase and antacid protease (28). Las An elastase and Las B elastase have elastolytic action. Elastin is a significant segment of lung tissue and veins. Las B elastase is a zinc metalloprotease while Las A will be a protease. Antacid protease lyses fibrin (29). BIOFILMS Pseudomonas aeruginosa is additionally ready to shape biofilms. Biofilms are unpredictable networks of surface-joined totals of microorganisms installed in a self-emitted extracellular polysaccharide lattice or ooze (alginate) (30, 31). These go about as productive boundaries against antimicrobial specialists (aminoglycosides, ÃŽ ² lactamases, fluoroqunilones and disinfectants) and the host invulnerable framework bringing about industrious colonization and loss of activity at the site of contamination (32, 33). CELL TO CELL Signaling Cell to cell flagging frameworks control extracellular harmfulness factors required for tissue attack by P. aeruginosa. THE LAS CELL TO CELL Signaling SYSTEM The Las cell to cell flagging framework manages the outflow of Las B elastase (34). It manages Las B articulation and is required for ideal creation of other extracellular harmfulness factors, for example, Las An elastase and exotoxin A (35). THE RHL CELL TO CELL Signaling SYSTEM The rhl cell to cell flagging framework controls the creation of rhamnolipid. The framework directs the statement of the rhl AB operon that encodes a rhamnosyltransferase required for rhamnolipid creation. It is additionally significant for Las B elastase, protease, pyocyanin and basic transferase creation (36). ANTIMICROBIAL REACTIVITY OF P. AERUGINOSA Like most gram negative bacilli, P.aeruginosa has been accounted for to have created protection from regularly utilized anti-infection agents and disinfectants. It was initially touchy to Carbernicillin, piperacillin, Gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and different medications. Degrees of cross-obstruction between these operators have been accounted for notwithstanding (13, 14). Treatment of diseases by P. aeruginosa is frequently troublesome in light of its destructiveness and constrained decision of antimicrobial specialists. P. aeruginosa has the ability to convey multiresistance plasmids, and this component has prompted the presence of certain strains that are impervious to every single solid anti-microbial (37). In an investigation completed at the Post Graduate Medical Institute Hayatabad Medical complex in Afghanistan on the pervasiveness and opposition example of P. aeruginosa against different subterranean insect

Development Of Agriculture In Southwest Asia And East Asia

Southwest Asia is a district encircled via oceans and mountains and lies at the intersection of Europe, Africa and Asia. Southwest Asia was the focal point of advancement of the earth’s human advancements. Towns rose on the fields of Mesopotamia and good countries of Iran and Anatolia by 7000BC and a portion of these became focuses of chiefdoms. The principal endeavors to frame domains are reported and are utilized by archeologists from various nations to uncover the procedures that offered ascend to these progressively increasingly complex socio-political frameworks. This fluctuated land and climatic setting of south west Asia envelops the common natural surroundings of wild plants and creatures which were the first to be trained. The region was helpful for cultivating also for chasing gathering since its yearly precipitation was over 250mm. Ecological changes happened during the period between 11,000-9600 BC and recuperation took 50 years. (Human Past 2005). Plant and Anim al Domestication Plant taming †Southwest Asia was exceptionally favorable for plant training particularly wild vegetables and grains. The principle tamed grains were wheat, rye and grain which started in the early aceramic period. This taming was prove by plant species rye in abuhureyra, Jordan valley and southern Syria. Development was strengthened during the Neolithic time frame, which was around 8800 BC, during this time the atmosphere was helpful and populace had grown.Hunting and Herding †Southwest Asia’s potential for creature training was prove from the seemingly perpetual settlement locales and may have happened after plant taming at around the progress time of prior and later Neolithic(World Archeology 2007). The tamed goats have been found in Ganj Dareh in Iran, sheep and pigs in turkey and northern Syria.Mixed Farming Economies: More settlements rose during the time of among right on time and later a clay Neolithic period. The segment hypothesis which sta tes â€Å"that the ascent in populace following the finish of ice age constrained individuals to receive agriculture† appears to hold water albeit an understanding is yet to be reached (Human Past 2007).The Evidence of Ali Kosh: Ali Kosh lies in regions which are helpful for wild assets and tames (World Archeology 2007). Progressive layers show changeless and enormous structures just as expanded developed and wild plants. The desert garden hypothesis which expresses that â€Å"The connection among people and condition is the key explanation behind agrarian development,† approaches. Additionally there were not many ecotones for supporting stationary trackers gatherers yet numerous areas for trained species particularly in the destinations of hureyra, catalhoyuk and ain Ghazab.Social Exchange and Networking: This is the devouring speculation which contends that the craving for new things, new states, regard and acknowledgment just as capacity to toss feasts prompted impr ovement of farming in this locale. Because of the way that the obsidian and marine shells were discovered hundred of kilometers from their sources fill in as a proof of trade systems where networks are accepted to have kept and utilized an extent of the obsidian procured and afterward traded the staying for blessings to be given as tokens during parties. Part.2. Farming in East Asia.The Pleistocene-Holocene progress happened in East Asia between around 14,000-6000BC. Climatical changes likewise made the plants and creatures to change making the trackers gatherers to start reaping and spreading new plants. Between 8000-6000BC cultivating varied in two territories, in the south, wild rice was trained while in the focal china area millet was the major tamed grain. During the last ice age (36,000-10,000BC), trackers gatherers lived in open considerations and waterway patios in the yellow stream locale, nearness of bolt needs at the destinations was a proof of chasing cows and wild sheep whose bones were present.More wild millet seed assets around shunwangpin, xveguan and shizitan, menjiaquan and nanzh vangton were proof of cultivating. In spite of the fact that there are false transitional destinations to uncover appropriation of farming by tracker gatherers, there are numerous inactive Neolithic locals since 6000 BC. Social change is anyway prove by lasting towns, houses and brutal burial grounds. Store adornments, finished tomahawks, wooden and bone spades were a sign of social layers at sides like dadiwan, cishan and peiligang. Growth of Agricultural CommunitiesMillet cultivating in yellow waterway locale heightened coming about into social multifaceted nature and development of states. The yangshao culture in the loess level of focal fields and dawenkon culture toward the east developed. The yangshao culture differed locally yet their destinations share semi-underground house, millet stockpiles and earthenware production. While dawenkou culture thought aroun d the lower yellow stream valley and is credited with populace densities and social positioning. There development of farming In these two societies is bolstered by the desert garden hypothesis, Demographic hypothesis and The bumpy flanks theory Sedentary settlements with expanding number of burial grounds and grave merchandise like fenshan bao and hujiawuchang around the rice development district of yangzi waterway valley are destinations that uncover conditions in early Neolithic(Human Past 2005).Between 4500-3300 BC towns expanded and spread. Settlement was picked close to dry wetlands so as to encourage the formation of wet rice fields. Houses were rectangular and made of earth, bamboo leads and rice husks and these locals were alluded to as the Daxi culture (World Archeology 2007). Training of creatures was confirm from the distinguishing proof of furrowing at around 4 thousand years BC. Nearness of vessel and marine innovation support the accept of family along water courses. The significant locales incorporate chengtoushan and Daxi.Historical semantics is one of the significant techniques that may have been utilized to test the possibility of relocation and development developments of ranchers. This is confirm by the nearness of a few dialects and language families in East Asia.â These dialects are separated into five etymological squares which incorporate; austroasiatic, Austronesian, Hmong Mien, Kadal with Tai and Sino-Tibetan (World Archeology 2007). Three of the significant parts of Austronesian family are in eastern India, Vietnam and south in the islands o Indian Ocean. Wordings of the dialects over east and Southern Asia are believedâ to have started from Asian principle land (Human Past 2005). Archeological proof for the beginning and spread of rice agribusiness and artworks, for example, weaving bolsters this belief.Part 3.Comparing and ContrastingDevelopment of farming in southwest Asian and East Asia compares with the development of human populace just as ecological changes. Early scholars contend that the development of human populace came about to food lack and subsequently presentation of taming of both wild and trained plants and creatures. Advancement of farming in the two areas is upheld by proof delivered by the achaeobotanists and archeozooligsts.The start of agribusiness likewise relates with the decrease in the scope of food eaten. This is on the grounds that in the majority of the cultivating social orders distinguished in the two areas, south west Asia and East Asia they grew a couple of plant animal types on which they depended intensely and similarly then trained a little scope of creatures though the trackers gatherers had a wide scope of nourishments that they gathered or chased in their neighborhood condition. It is in this way apparent that the trackers and gatherers in the two locales expended a decent eating routine than the ranchers due to variety.The desert spring hypothesis â€Å"the bumpy fr anks hypothesis† which proposes that other than possessing a specific natural area/specialty, where plants and animals could prosper, the progress in horticulture in both south west Asia and East Asia, the move to agribusiness likewise included changes in human insight and individuals created, aptitudes required for progressive cultivating. This was confirm by rise of complex social towns, which included changeless lodging, improved innovation, and nearness of capacity pins.Demographic hypothesis is likewise obvious in the two districts as to have been the main thrust behind selection of farming. This is on the grounds that during the start of agribusiness, there were populace/segment increment and ecological changes. Individuals were constrained by these outside powers to create/adjust horticulture. Scholars additionally contend that social orders assumed a critical job in the taming. This is a result of societal position. Development may have been embraced in southwest Asia to give food and drink to be expended during serious devouring and this is the devouring hypothesis.Evolution and purposefulness speculation is upheld by the conviction that trackers gatherers were sorted out through family relationships that had adaptable enrollment while the ranchers had bigger gatherings that were regulated with social goals and because of these multifaceted nature there were amassing of products and thus populace development too mechanical headway. In any case, the improvement of farming in the two districts conceded in that in southwest Asia was between the finish of epipaleolithic and Pleistocene periods while in East Asia. It started during the Pleistocene Holocene progress period. Likewise in East Asia there was presence of numerous societies dissimilar to in South West Asia.Agricultural advancement started toward the finish of the last frigid age where wheat and grain were the main tamed plants. Scientists contend that populace development and climatical ch anges were the main considerations for selection of farming however there are insignificant confirmations to help the contention since agribusiness is work concentrated when contrasted with chasing and assembling. Be that as it may, advancement economic wellbeing, and imitating are different factors behind the improvement of agribusiness other than populace development and atmosphere

Machiavelli A Modern Thinker - Free Essay Example

Niccollo Machiavelli can be referred to as a Modern Thinker, as evidenced by his novels: The Prince and Discourses on Livy. He had decided to take a path as yet untrodden by anyone (Machiavelli, Discourses On Livy, 1. Preface. 5). Even though this found in the Preface of Discourses On Livy, Machiavelli also takes the path less traveled when he writes The Prince. His work is original for his time period, and differs from other writers on the same topics. It is different from all the other works during that time period about princes and advice for princes (Allen, MPT1, 44). An example of this can be found in the comparison of princes and animals: such as foxes and lions. According to the MPT1 PowerPoint, previous writers said that a good prince should emulate neither the lion nor the fox . The previous writers believed that they should not be representing these animals because they should be taking a friendlier approach and appear warm and kind to their followers. Machiavelli on the other hand thinks that it is necessary for a prince to know well how to use the beast and the man and that one needs to be a fox to recognize the snares and a lion to frighten the wolves (Machiavelli, The Prince, 18.69). He believes that one should actually emulate one of these animals because it will help them with their survival as a leader. Another example of his differing thought from other writers is his belief that a prince will only incur the infamy of meanness (Machiavelli, The Prince, 16.63) if they were generous, lavishing gifts and favors on friends, and himself in luxury (Allen, MPT1, 45) like the other writers had his time period suggested. The other writers believed that the prince should be glorious to be respected, but Machiavelli believed that in order to be glorious the prince would end up raising taxes or neglecting his subjects and become hated over time. Machiavelli also introduces a new way of looking at politics and analyzing them: by looking back at history and becoming knowledgeable of it so that a leader can create new ways to rule his own state. Machiavelli said that what is done for what should be done (Machiavelli, The Prince, 15.61). His idea in this quote was that leaders should learn from the past instead of focusing on the future. According to the MPT1 PowerPoint, to return to old ideals is not to resurrect the past, but to create something at least partly new. (Allen, MPT,1 41). In both texts, he often spoke of the history of leaders and what had been done right and wrong in their rulings and nation building, and what the current leaders should do now knowing how the past outcomes had turned out. In the Introduction to Discourses On Livy, Mansfield and Tarcov discuss Machiavellis view on his own time: moderns are weak, the ancients were strong (Mansfield Tarcov, Discourses On Livy, Intro 33) because he was profoundly dissatisfied with the Renaissance he saw underway (Mansfield Tarcov, Discourses On Livy, Intro 18). Machiavellis criticism is useful, and he is not trying to say that the modern republics cannot be strong, but he thinks that they should take the advice that he gives about looking back at the way the ancients did things so that they can be as strong as they were or maybe even stronger. This can be seen in Machiavellis The Prince, even though the texts were very different, but The Prince is written for Medici and Machiavelli approaches it as a how to for princes. For example, he presented that (King) Louis had made five errors (Machiavelli, The Prince 15.61). One of King Louis errors was when he allowed himself to be threatened by foreign powers by weakening his own state. King Louis had given aid to the Pope and with that decision he was weakening himself (Machiavelli, The Prince, 3.14). Sending his troops away to aid the Pope, weakened his own defenses and left him open for invasion, which is why Machiavelli marks it as an error. Louis should have kept his forces in his home state in case a invasion against France had soon occurred because if it had he would be weaker and vulnerable to losing his own state for the sake of another. He wants the princes to learn from these mistakes that a kind made and not repeat them in their own principalities. Not only does he say to make awareness of the wrong but he also says that is may be a good idea for princes to walk on paths beaten by others and proceed in their actions by imitation (Machiavelli, The Prince, 6.22). Some leaders are ones that created good examples that should be followed so that the prince can gain power or respect from his people that leads to power. Machiavelli also had another modern idea that he presented when speaking about France and the Pope. Most states at this time often represented themselves as either Catholic or Protestant nations etc. For example, during Louis reign France was Catholic. The Catholic Nations often had to give support to the Pope, but Machiavelli argues that since France was aiding the Pope that the French knew nothing about politics, because if they did they wouldnt be letting the Pope grow so powerful (Machiavelli, The Prince, 3.16). He didnt think it mattered that the Pope was a religious figure because he looked at it as strictly politicalthe Pope was another rulerand Machiavelli believed in a general rule that whoever is the cause of someones becoming powerful is ruined (Machiavelli, The Prince, 3.16). Some may have been opposed to this at Machiavellis time because many were invested in their faith, and being invested in their faith to them went along with supporting the Pope, but Machiavelli had a point and the Pope did grow to have great armies and power, and eventually took sides against Louis in the Italian Wars. In Discourses On Livy, Machiavelli titles Book 3 Chapter 1 as If One Wishes a Sect or Republic to Live Long, It Is Necessary to Draw It Back Often toward Its Beginning (Machiavelli, Discourses On Livy, 3.1.209). He believes that the success of a republic will only continue and for the republic to live long, they have to go back and look at what was done in the past and at the beginning on the republics life. This is because the beginning of the republics or sects must have some goodness in them so if one is to look back at it they can see ways to intervene to lead it back to the mark since goodness is corrupted as time goes on (Machiavelli, Discourses On Livy, 3.1.209). Machiavelli believes that the republics and sects can regain some of their goodness that they once had if they look back to see how it all started and where it went wrong and started to corrupt, so that they can change the path that the republic is currently on. Machiavelli preferred republics over principalities. Principalities were old-fashioned, and Machiavelli believed they would not last much longer, and republics were the more modern way over ruling. He believed that a republic has a greater life and has good fortune longer than a principality (Machiavelli, Discourses On Livy, 3.9.240). He supported this statement earlier in Discourses On Livy, by saying that they should not have one prince who governs prudently while he lives, but one individual who orders it so that it is also maintained while he dies (Machiavelli, Discourses On Livy, 1.11.36). Republics survive much longer because they have more than once person associated with governing, like a senate, but one person representing, but when this one person dies he is not the only one that was ever knowledgeable or capable of running the state. For example, the government of the United States has a President, but also has a Vice President, Advisors, Speaker of the House, Secretary of State, Attorney General and more. If the President dies, the U.S. is not left to crumble without their leader because there are several other important people that can maintain it, as Machiavelli had suggested. Machiavelli, said that to prevent a state from becoming weak and of no value that the kings be extinguished in Rome (Machiavelli, Discourses On Livy, 1.17.47). Machiavelli believed that principalities were not the future and that states very seriously needed to move on from the, or risk becoming weak. They would become weak for different reasons, but one of them being that a republic could accommodate itself better than one prince can to the diversity of times through the diversity of the citizens that are in it (Machiavelli, Discourses On Livy, 3.9.240). Machiavelli does want leaders to refer to the past but he does stress that the cause of good and bad fortune of men is matching the modes of ones proceeding with the times (Machiavelli, Discourses On Livy, 3.9.239). He does not believe that leaders should do everything the same way that they had been done in the past, he just wants them to learn from it and move forward and make their own ways because the leaders has to be able to lead in ways that fit into the time period in which they a ruling in and they have to be able to vary with the times so that their tactics to not fizzle out and become too outdated to work anymore. Machiavelli believed that every city out to have its modes to with which the people can vent its ambitions (Machiavelli, Discourses On Livy, 1.4.17). Again, he brings us back to Rome because Rome had this mode. If the people were not allowed to protest and vent their ambition, by closing their shops or avoiding war, then the republics would not have been forced to make some changes that made it better in the long run. The people are just important to the republic getting better as anything else, according to this segment by Machiavelli. This is another important piece he introduces aside the facts of history, that is original for his time period. He again emphasizes the importance of the people in The Prince when he said, the end of the people is more decent than that of the great (Machiavelli, The Prince, 9.13). This is found in the passage that explains how the people do not want to be oppressed, but greats will want to oppress them. So if a leader is to build his state in the aims of pleasing the people then he will be better off in running it because the people will be faithful to him and not rebel against his rule. According to our MPT1 PowerPoint, classical authors try to reduce the amount of evil in the word (Allen, MPT1, 38). Machiavelli does not try to do this and admits that there is evil in some parts of the world. He believes that there can be evil in everything and that close to the good there is always some evil that arises with that good (Machiavelli, Discourses On Livy, 3.37.294). There is even evil in good, according to Machiavelli, and instead of trying to reduce the amount like other authors he is increasing the amount by saying this. Normally good outweighs evil and cancels it out, but Machiavelli says that good has evil in it, so overall there is no way to avoid evil in the world. Since there is no way to avoid it, Machiavelli offers another solution. He suggests that people are soon healed if one recognizes from afar the evils that arise I state (Machiavelli, The Prince, 3.12). Instead of reducing it, Machiavelli wants people to see it and by seeing it they will be made better because once they are knowledgeable of the evils they can try and do right.

Applying Minimum Core - Essay - 644 Words

â€Å"Coverage of the minimum core is intended to provide a teacher with the minimum level of skills in language, literacy, numeracy and ICT (LLN I) that are essential to teachers who work in the lifelong learning sector.† City and Guilds (2008) Learners’ particular literacy, language, numeracy and ICT needs can be established through initial assessment, talking to learners, observing them completing activities or using simple self assessment tests. â€Å"Recognizing and using a variety of different teaching styles is particularly important to support literacy, language and number skills development. Learners working towards literacy, language, and numeracy goals will benefit from teaching which works to their strengths. The teaching styles†¦show more content†¦I can also write fluently, accurately and legibly on a range of topics. I use spelling and punctuation accurately in order to make meaning clear. In assessment process, I am good in using required methods/strategies to conduct formal and informal assessment. I am good in planning and designing my assessment activities. I make effective use of ILT/ICT to support the assessment process. I also make effective use verbal and written feedback in the assessment process. I am focusing on managing the recording and reporting on assessment achievement and progress, and collecting and collating assessment results to support evaluation and equality processes. I am focusing on my improvement areas in the assessment process. I have planned to record and report on assessment achievement and progress by making use of ILP/ICT. I am also planning to organize and collect and collate assessment results and participate effectively in evaluation and quality processes. I will definitely need support my peers and line manager in achieving these target. I aim to achieve these targets by the start of next year. I will review my progress byShow MoreRel atedUtilitarianism Vs. Kantian Theory1100 Words   |  5 PagesMelanie Dolechek 3/30/17 PHI Essay #2 Utilitarianism vs Kantian Theory Morality is a complex subject and ethical dilemmas yield differing opinions and theories that have manifested through time by intelligent philosophers. There were two influential philosophers’ names Jeremy Bentham and Immanuel Kant, who formed differing theories, in an attempt to set a uniform approach to ethical dilemmas and morality. Bentham was a firm supporter of Utilitarian theory; which focuses on overall happiness andRead MoreHigh School Is All Fun And Games1485 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract High school was all fun and games until it is almost graduation time . Applying for college can be stressful. With high school everything is free because the state pays for it, but college is different. College the students are responsible for everything, including applying for college. 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Canadian Agency Of Drugs And Technologies - 1510 Words

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to introduce a health-related organization that we were not familiar with and to investigate the organization. For this paper, the organization that will be investigated will be the Canadian Agency of Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH). The following sections will discuss what the organization is about, its mission and mandate, how the organization is structured, how are they funded, and why does the organization exist and do the work that they accomplish. What is the organization? The Canadian Agency of Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) is an independent, not-for-profit organization that is based in Ottawa but has liaison officers across Canada. The pan-Canadian organization is responsible in providing Canada’s health care decision-makers with objective evidence to help them make informed decisions about the optimal use of drugs and medical devices within our healthcare system. They are considered to be an organization that is a trusted source of credible health care evidence across the nation (CADTH, 2015). The organization’s purpose states that it harmonizes the scientific approach of its products and services. They have also increased the production of its health technology assessments (HTAs) and rapid reviews. On the customer side, the organization has invited patient engagement, and welcomed the pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review - one of their major key initiatives - to the organization. Their work is one ofShow MoreRelatedCanadian Agency For Drugs And Technologies1451 Words   |  6 PagesCanadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health Introduction The purpose of this paper is to introduce a health-related organization that we are not familiar with and investigate the organization. For this paper, the organization that will be investigated will be the Canadian Agency of Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH). 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The Alamo free essay sample

This paper compares evidence of the actual events of the battle for The Alamo and the 1960 John Wayne film, The Alamo. This essay looks at the 1960s John Wayne film The Alamo and compares it to the actual events of the battle for The Alamo in 1836. The author compares the actual evidence found by historians to the images portrayed in the film, and comes up with a number of conclusions. John Wayne, starred, directed and produced The Alamo, it was an attempt by John Wayne to prove that he was more than just a photogenic actor. It had been an idea of Waynes since 1948, when Wayne started to become more politically aware and he became very anti-communist. It was never clear why John Wayne chose to make the Alamo , the closest reason that can be found is that a former friend, Bob Bradbury and his father made the film Davy Crockett and the fall of The Alamo. We will write a custom essay sample on The Alamo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The film was reasonably successful and Bobs father would go on to direct John Wayne in his first B western movies.

The Arts Of Russia Essay Example For Students

The Arts Of Russia Essay The Arts play a large role in the expression of inner thoughts and beauty in life. From dance and music to art the concept of life is shown through the various ways in which we interpret it. The arts play a valued role in creating cultures and developing and documenting civilizations. Russia has been developing the its culture for as long as anybody could think. Nowadays, Russian painters and musicians are quickly becoming well known among each and every one around the world. It should be no surprise that the rich Russian culture is producing so much talent, and everyone around the world seems to enjoy it. Great artists such as Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky music, Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov literature, and Marc Chagall art have shared Russias culture with the rest of the world. Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky is mostly known for his great musicals. One of his greatest musicals The Nutcracker has been turned into an ice show in United States of America. We will write a custom essay on The Arts Of Russia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Peggy Flaming, Nicole Bobek, Todd Eldredg, and Brian Orser along with others star in the beautiful and magical ice show. The Nutcracker is a story of a young girl Clara who receives a Nutcracker doll as a Christmas present from her Godfather Drosselmeier, and with the help of a little magic, the doll comes to life in her dreams. Everybody, especially children, love to watch how these ice champions bring the Christmas story of the Nutcracker to life. The Swan Lake is also a very known production of Tchaikovsky. The well-known theme of the tragic Swan-Princess from Swan Lake seems to embody the intense, heartfelt, romanticized suffering which Tchaikovsky music gives voice to so often. Numerous people around the world listen to Tchaikovsky when they are either in a bad mood and want to relax or just to break away from the world and go to an imaginary world. In music competitions countless of musicians perform Symphony no. 6 in B minor to have a chance at winning the competition. Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov is a very known poet, novelist, playwright, translator, and essayist who pioneered Russian modernism. He first gained critical recognition when he published with A. A. Lang Russkie simvolisty 1894-95; Russian Symbolists, an anthology of original poems by Russian Symbolists as well as of translations from the French. This work was an important landmark in the Russian modernist movement, and Bryusov eventually became the recognized leader of Russian Symbolism when he assumed in 1904 the editorship of its leading critical journal, Vesy The Scales. The most important of Bryusovs own ten volumes of original poetry published between 1895 and 1921 were Tertia vigilia Third Vigil, Urbi et orbi To the City and the World, and Stephanos. As a poet Bryusov displayed great technical skill and erudition in his mystical and eroticized treatments of history and mythology. Poets, all around the world, after reading his poems started to write in a more spiritual way. His highly ornate and cerebral poetry also evinces qualities of coldness, detachment, and artificiality. His prose fiction includes the novels Ognenny angel The Fiery Angel and Altar pobedy Altar of Victory. Having broken with the Symbolist movement in 1910, Bryusov taught literature after the Russian Revolution and held teaching and publishing posts until his death. He is best remembered for his efforts as a translator, critic, and essayist to raise the stature of modern poetry in Russia. He influenced people such as Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. to pursue a modernist movement. Marc Chagall, one of many Russian born, great painters and designer. He is distinguished for his surrealistic inventiveness. .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02 , .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02 .postImageUrl , .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02 , .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02:hover , .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02:visited , .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02:active { border:0!important; } .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02:active , .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02 .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud6dec8e56989fb092391fd987bf11d02:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Street to Mbari-Painting Review EssayChagall distinctive use of color and form is derived partly from Russian expressionism and was influenced decisively by French cubism. Crystallizing his style early, as in Candles in the Dark, he later developed subtle variations. His numerous works represent characteristically vivid recollections of Russian-Jewish village scenes, as in I and the Village. His works have been displayed all over the world. A canvas completed in 1964 covers the ceiling of the Opera in Paris, and two large murals hang in the lobby of the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. His works have influenced many of the artists in his era. Some of his influences have reflected on the works of Edvard Munch The Scream and Vincent Van Gogh Starry Night. His works are displayed in Museum of Modern Art, New York City and the Art Institute of Chicago. His Biblical themes characterize a series of etchings executed between 1925 and 1939, illustrating the Old Testament, and the 12 stained-glass windows in the Hadassah Hospital of the Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center in Jerusalem. In 1973 MusAÂ ©e National Message Biblique Marc Chagall was opened in Nice, France, to house hundreds of his biblical works. As you could see, Russias culture has influenced many other places and is further spreading. Many Russian writers like Anton Chekov had his works on stages of famous places such as Broadway in New York City. A writer by the name of Fedor Dovskoevsky has written loads of books, from which a quantity of books have been translated to 150 Languages.

Army ADP Study Guide Essay Example

Army ADP Study Guide Essay Example Army ADP Study Guide Paper Army ADP Study Guide Paper What ADP / ADRP covers The Army? ADP / ADRP 1 In which domains do U.S. forces Operate? AirLandMaritimeSpaceCyberspace As a unique military profession, the Army is built upon an ethos of trust. What are four other essential characteristics of our profession? Military ExpertiseHonorable ServiceEsprit De CorpsStewardship What are the 11 Primary Missions of the U.S. Armed Forces? Counter terrorism and irregular warfareDeter and defeat aggressionProject power despite anti-access/area denial challengesCounter weapons of mass destructionOperate effectively in cyberspaceOperate effectively in spaceMaintain a safe, secure, and effective nuclear deterrentDefend the homeland and provide support to civil authoritiesProvide a stabilizing presenceConduct stability and counterinsurgency operationsConduct humanitarian, disaster relief, and other operations What is the most important determinant of combat power? Leadership What is the US Armys greatest strategic asset; providing depth, versatility, and unmatched experience to the joint force? The all-volunteer force Title 10, USC, establishes the basic structure of the Army. What forces make up the Army? One Regular Army and two Reserve Components: the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard of the United States. Army Civilians support all three components. What is the unction of the Operating Force? Operating forces consist of units organized, trained, and equipped to deploy and fight. What is the function of the Generating Force? The generating force mans, trains, equips, deploys, and ensure the readiness of all Army forces. What five sets of characteristics will enhance the Armys operational adaptability? Depth and VersatilityAdaptive and InnovativeFlexibility and AgilityIntegrated and SynchronizedLethal and Discriminate What ADP / ADRP covers Operational Terms and Military Symbols? ADP / ADRP 1-02 Who is the principal audience of ADP 1-02, Operational Terms and Military Symbols? All members of the profession of arms. What is the purpose of a common set of doctrinal terms and military symbols? Terms and symbols can communicate a great deal of information with a simple word, phrase, or image and eliminate the need for a lengthy explanation of a complex idea. What are the three areas of focus of the professional language of land warfare? Principle of SimplicityImportance of clear communicationImportance of teaching the language. Military symbols fall into two categories: framed and unframed. What is the difference? Framed military symbols include unit, equipment, installation, and activity symbols. Unframed military symbols include control measure and tactical task mission symbols. Who establishes Army policy for developing doctrinal terms? United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) That common operational picture is displayed on a map or another geographical form representing the area of operations and which has been overlaid with military symbols. What does it include? Friendly and enemy unites or shipsBoundariesControl measuresOther elements that the commander deems necessary How are acronyms usually formed? Acronyms are usually formed from the initial letters of a name or parts of a series of words. What is a single display of relevant information within a commanders area of interest tailored to the users requirements and based on common data and information shared by more than one command? A common operational picture What is communication in reference to Operational Terms and Military Symbols? Communication is an exchange of meaning that is only complete when the intended meaning is understood precisely by the intended audience Who can propose the creation, modification, or elimination of any doctrinal term? Any Soldier may contact a proponent for a given subject area. The proponent will consider the Soldiers proposal. What is the purpose of acronyms and abbreviations is the profession of arms? To allow the use of shorter versions of doctrinal military terms for ease of discussion in speaking and writing What ADP / ADRP covers Unified Land Operations? ADP / ADRP 3-0 t is the description of Unified Land Operations? Unified land operations describes how the Army seizes, retrains, and exploits the initiative to gain and maintain a position of relative advantage in sustained land operations through simultaneous offensive, defensive, and stability operations in order to prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war and create the conditions for favorable conflict resolution. What are the operational variables? The operational variables consist of political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, time (known as PMESII-PT). What are the mission variables? The mission variables consist of mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, civil considerations (Known as METT-TC) What is the Armys war-fighting doctrine? Unified Land Operations What is a series of related major operations aimed at archiving strategic and operational objectives within a given time and space? A campaign What is a military action, consisting of two or more related tactical actions, designed to achieve a strategic objective, in whole or in part? An operation What is a battle or engagement, employing lethal or nonlethal actions, designed for a specific purpose relative to the enemy, the terrain, friendly forces, or other entity? A tactical action How are Army operations characterized? Army operations are characterized by flexibility, integration, lethality, adaptability, depth, and synchronization What is Operational Art? Operational art is the pursuit of strategic objectives, in whole or in part, through the arrangement of tactical actions in time, space, and purpose. What is MDMP? The Military Decision Making Process. What is the purpose of MDMP? It integrates the activities of the commander, staff, subordinate headquarters, and other partners to understand the situation and mission; develop, analyze, and compare courses of action; decide on course of action that best accomplishes the mission; and produce an operation order or order for execution. What FM covers Detainee Operations? FM 3-63 What ADP / ADRP covers Stability? ADP / ADRP 3-07 What is Stabilization? Stabilization in a process in which personnel identify and mitigate underlying sources of instability to establish the conditions for long-term stability. What is the focus of stability tasks? Identifying and targeting the root causes of instabilityBuilding the capacity of local institutions What are sources of instability? Decreased support for the government based on what locals actually expect of their government.Increased support for anti-government elements.The undermining of the normal functioning of society where the emphasis must be on a return to the established norms. What are Stability tasks? Stability tasks are tasks conducted as part of operations outside the US in coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment and provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief. What are the principles that lay the foundation for long-term stability? Conflict transformationUnity of effortLegitimacy and host-nation ownershipBuilding partner capacity What is a line of effort? A line of effort is a line that links multiple tasks using the logic of purpose rather than geographical reference to focus efforts toward establishing operational and strategic conditions. What is a decisive point? A decisive point is a geographic place, specific key event, critical factor, or function that, when acted upon, allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or contribute materially to achieving success. What is a stability mechanism? A stability mechanism is the primary method through which friendly forces affect civilians in order to attain conditions that support establishing a lasting, stable peace. What is a defeat mechanism? A defeat mechanism is the method through which friendly forces accomplish their mission against enemy opposition. What ADP / ADRP covers Fires? ADP / ADRP 3-09 What are the core competencies of Fires? Air Defense ArtilleryField Artillery What are the critical capabilities of Fires? Target AcquisitionTarget DiscriminationTarget Engagement What are the principles of Fires? PrecisionScalableSynchronizedResponsiveNetworked What are the characteristics of Fires? All WeatherPrecision/Near Precision FiresMass Area FiresAir and Space IntegrationInherently Joint What are the defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles in the atmosphere, or to nullify or reduce effectiveness of such attack either through surveillance actions or active engagements of aerial threat? Air defense artillery What is Fire support? Fire support is fire that directly support land, maritime, amphibious, and special operations forces to engage enemy forces, combat formations, and facilities in pursuit of tactical and operational objectives. What is the objective of fires planning? To optimize combat power. How is fire support planning accomplished? Fire support planning is accomplished using targeting and the running estimate. What is a target? A target is an entity or object considered for possible engagement or other action. What does targeting provide? Targeting provides an effective method for matching the friendly force capabilities against enemy targets. What ADP / ADRP covers Protection? ADP / ADRP 3-37 What is Protection? Protection is the preservation of the effectiveness and survivability of mission-related military and nonmilitary personnel, equipment, facilities, information, and infrastructure deployed or located within or outside the boundaries of a given operational area. What are the Protection principles? Comprehensive. Protection is an all-inclusive utilization of complementary and reinforcing protection tasks and systems available to commanders, incorporated into the plan, to preserve the force.Integrated. Protection is integrated with other activities, systems, efforts, and capabilities associated with unified land operations to provide strength and structure to the overall effort. Integration must occur vertically and horizontally with unified action partners throughout the operations process. Layered. Protection capabilities are arranged using a layered approach to provide strength and depth. Layering reduces the destructive effect of a threat or hazard through the dispersion of energy or the culmination of the force. Redundant. Protection efforts are often redundant anywhere that a vulnerability or critical point failure is identified. Redundancy ensure that specific activities, systems, efforts, and capabilities that are critical for the success of the overall protection effort have a secondary or auxiliary effort of equal or greater capability. Enduring. Protection capabilities are ongoing activities for maintaining the objectives of preserving combat power, populations, partners, essential equipment, resources, and critical infrastructure in every phase of an operation. What is the protection war-fighting function? The protection war-fighting function is the related tasks and systems that preserve the force so that commanders can apply maximum combat power to accomplish the mission. What is the first step toward effective protection? Planning During the preparation phase, what is the focus of protection? Deterring and preventing the enemy or adversary from actions that would affect combat power and the freedom of action. What is the staff looking for as they monitor the conduct of operations during execution? Variances from the scheme of maneuver and protection Assessing protection is an essential, continuous activity that occurs throughout the operations process. What is Assessment? Assessment is the determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating a condition, or achieving an objective. What ADP / ADRP covers Offense and Defense? ADP / ADRP 3-90 What is tactics? Tactics is the employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other. What is the tactical level of war? The tactical level of war is the level of war at which battles and engagements are planned and executed to achieve military objectives assigned to tactical units or task forces. What is an engagement? AN engagement is a tactical conflict, usually between opposing, lower echelon maneuver forces. What echelons typically conduct engagement? Brigades and smaller echelons typically conduct engagements. How long do engagements last? They are usually short, executed in terms of minutes, hours, or days. What is a battle? A battle consists of a set of related engagements that lasts longer and involves larger forces than an engagement. What do battles affect? Battles can affect the course of a campaign or major operation. When does a battle occur? A battle occurs when a division, corps, or Army commander fights for one or more significant objectives. Battles are usually operationally significant, if not operationally decisive. The art of tactics consists of three interrelated aspects. What are they? The creative and flexible array of means to accomplish assigned missions.Decision making under conditions of uncertainty when faced with a thinking and adaptive enemy.Understanding the effects of combat on Soldiers. What is the science of tactic? The science of tactics encompasses the understanding of those military aspects of tacticscapabilities, techniques, and proceduresthat can be measured and codified. What is a hasty operation? A hasty operation is an operation in which a commander directs immediately available forces, using fragmentary orders, to preform activities with minimal preparation, trading planning and preparation time for speed of execution. What is a deliberate operation? A deliberate operation is an operation in which the tactical situation allows the development and coordination of detailed plans, including multiple branches and sequels. What ADP / ADRP covers Sustainment? ADP / ADRP 4-0 What is the sustainment war-fighting function? The sustainment war-fighting function is related tasks and systems that provide support and services to ensure freedom of action, extend operational reach, and prolong endurance. What is logistics? Logistics is planning and executing of the movement and support of forces. What are personnel services? Personnel services are sustainment functions that man and fund the force, maintain Soldier and Family readiness, promote the moral and ethical values of the nation, and enable the fighting qualities of the Army. What are the sustainment principles? IntegrationAnticipationResponsivenessSimplicityEconomySurvivabilityContinuityImprovisation What are the principles of personnel services? SynchronizationTimelinessStewardshipAccuracyConsistency What is the synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve a unity of effort? Unified action What is the purposeful reliance by one Services forces on another Services capabilities to maximize the complementary and reinforcing effects of both? Joint interdependence What are generating forces? Generating forces consist of those Army organizations whose primary mission is to generate and sustain the operational Armys capabilities for employment. What are operating forces? Operating forces are those forces whose primary missions are to participate in combat and the integral supporting elements thereof. What ADP / ADRP covers Army Leadership? ADP / ADRP 6-22 What is Leadership? Leadership is the process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation to accomplish the mission and improve the organization. What is an Army Leader? An Army Leader is anyone who by virtue of assumed role or assigned responsibility inspires and influences people to accomplish organizational goals. How can leaders mitigate resistance? Leaders can mitigate resistance by anticipating what others value, their reactions to influence, their shared understanding of common goals, and their commitment to the general organization or the purpose of the mission and their trust in the organization and the leader. What is command? Command is the authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises over subordinated by virtue of rank or assignment. What is mission command? Mission command is the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission order to enable disciplined initiative within the commanders intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations. What conveys the expectations that the Army wants leaders to meet? The Leadership Requirements Model What are the leader attributes? CharacterPresenceIntellect What are the three categories of competencies? Lead Serves to Lead othersDevelop Develops as a wholeAchieve Achieve organizational goals The category of leads encompasses five competencies. What are they? Leads othersExtends influence beyond the CoCBuilds trustLeads by exampleCommunicates What is the purpose of ADP 6-22, Army Leadership? ADP 6-22 establishes the fundamental principles by which Army leaders accomplish their mission and care for their people. What ADP / ADRP covers Training Units an Developing Leaders? ADP / ADRP 7-0 Who is responsible for training units and developing leaders? Commanders Where does training begin? Training begins in the generating force Where do Soldiers build on the fundamental skills, knowledge, and behaviors, which were developed in institutional training? Operational assignments What is the Armys institutional training and education system, which primarily includes training base centers and schools that provide initial training and subsequent professional military education for Soldiers, military leaders, and Army civilians? The institutional training domain What are the training active organizations undertake while at home station, at maneuver combat training centers, during joint exercises, at mobilization centers, and while operationally deployed? The operational training domain What is planned, goal-oriented learning that reinforces and expands the depth and breadth of an individuals knowledge base, self-awareness, and situational awareness; complements institutional and operational learning; enhances professional competence; and meets personal objectives? The self-development training domain What process do commanders apply to unit training and leader development? The operations process PlanPrepareExecuteAssess What are the Army principles of unit training? Commanders and other leaders are responsible for training.Noncommissioned officers train individuals, crews, and small teams.Train to standardTrain as you will fightTrain while operatingTrain fundamentals firstTrain to develop adaptabilityUnderstand the operational environmentTrain to sustainTrain to maintainConduct multi-echelon an concurrent training. What does METL stand for and what is it? The units Mission-Essential Task List (METL) represents the doctrinal framework of fundamental tasks for which the unit was designed. What FM covers Army Physical Readiness Training? FM 7-22 Why is physical readiness training a mandatory training requirement? Considered by senior leaders to be essential to individual, unit, and force readiness.Required by law for all individuals and units. Who serves as the primary trainers for enlisted Soldiers, crews, and small teams? Non-Commissioned Officers To accomplish PRT mission, what must NCOs do? Identify specific tasks that PRT enhances in support o the units C- or D-METL.Prepare, rehearse, and execute PRT.Evaluate PRT and conduct AARs to provide feedback to the commander. What are the 8 tenets of train as you will fight, as they relate to PRT? PRT Must support full spectrum operations and promote quick transitions between missions.PRT must support proficiency in combined arms operations and unified actions.PRT focus is on training the fundamentals first.PRT must be performance-oriented, conducted under realistic conditions, and mission focused.PRT should incorporate challenging, complex, ambiguous, and uncomfortable situations.PRT must incorporate safety and composite risk management (CRM).PRT must be conducted under condition that replicate the operational environment.PRT must be conducted during deployments. What are the tenets of standards-based training? Leaders know and enforce standards.Leaders define success in the absence of standards.Leaders train to standard, not time. What are the four PRT systems phases? The initial conditioning phase (prepares future Soldiers to learn and adapt to Army PRT).The toughening phase (Develop foundational fitness and fundamental movement skills that prepare Soldiers to transition to the sustaining phase).The sustaining phase (develop a higher level of physical readiness required by duty position and C- or D METL).Reconditioning phase (restores Soldiers physical fitness levels that enable them to safely re-enter the toughening or sustaining phase and progress to their previous level of conditioning). What are the principles that the conduct of Army PRT follows? PrecisionProgressionIntegration

Big Fish

The father would tell a story to his son about his life. However, his son thinks his father is full of lies. It brings the conflict between reality and fiction. In Southern Gothic, it doesn’t matter because it combined reality and fiction into one story. Although, it is hard to see the reality behind it because in the movie, the father make up a lot of stuff even though it is almost true. Imprisonment is found in The Big Fish, because the father is imprisoned in his room and in the hospital. Also, the villiage kept all of its people until Ed left the villiage. Those people could’ve been there for years because they love their home so much. The giant was in his cave because he was shunned and feared by the people until Ed befriended the giant. Imprisonment is found in Southern Gothic, and is in found in the story as well. Supernatural is everywhere in The Big Fish, because there was a woman who turned into a fish during the movie. The twins were conjurned but at the end they were serparated. Also, the giant was a huge person who was isolated for a long time. The circus was filled with strange people. Even the headmaster is a wolf at night, and The Eye shows a person’s future death. Also, the way the son was born was very There was a lot of supernatural involved with the movie. Freakiness is all around in the movie, because the villiagepeople had no shoes nor socks on. They walked around barefoot. Even the father was telling a story with his wild imaginations. He even made his death the way he saw in The Eye. He accepted his death from the beginning he saw his death. The father never once freaked out but rather looking foward to the day he dies. Everyone was there at his funeral. By everyone he knows in his life showed up for his funeral. Big Fish The father would tell a story to his son about his life. However, his son thinks his father is full of lies. It brings the conflict between reality and fiction. In Southern Gothic, it doesn’t matter because it combined reality and fiction into one story. Although, it is hard to see the reality behind it because in the movie, the father make up a lot of stuff even though it is almost true. Imprisonment is found in The Big Fish, because the father is imprisoned in his room and in the hospital. Also, the villiage kept all of its people until Ed left the villiage. Those people could’ve been there for years because they love their home so much. The giant was in his cave because he was shunned and feared by the people until Ed befriended the giant. Imprisonment is found in Southern Gothic, and is in found in the story as well. Supernatural is everywhere in The Big Fish, because there was a woman who turned into a fish during the movie. The twins were conjurned but at the end they were serparated. Also, the giant was a huge person who was isolated for a long time. The circus was filled with strange people. Even the headmaster is a wolf at night, and The Eye shows a person’s future death. Also, the way the son was born was very There was a lot of supernatural involved with the movie. Freakiness is all around in the movie, because the villiagepeople had no shoes nor socks on. They walked around barefoot. Even the father was telling a story with his wild imaginations. He even made his death the way he saw in The Eye. He accepted his death from the beginning he saw his death. The father never once freaked out but rather looking foward to the day he dies. Everyone was there at his funeral. By everyone he knows in his life showed up for his funeral.

Career Development Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Career Development Plan - Essay Example In developing a career plan it is important to recognize and take advantage of all tools and resources that are available. As a freshman student I will need short term and long term goals, along with flexibility along the way to reach my desired result. It is my intention to become gainfully employed in human resources. In deciding to work in human resources I first had to determine what their role was within a company. Human resources development includes a vast array of assignments within a company but ultimately they are employed to develop, enhance, organize, and mentor for employees within the company. This can include developing training appropriate for employees, coaching, managing benefits, new hire orientations and any activity whose goal is to better an employee. Entry opportunities available are internships within companies who will provide me with hands on training that I will need to be successful. Education that I’m receiving will continue to strengthen my abilities and knowledge. Large companies especially hire interns, aware of the potential and talent that will be developed during the course of my education. Employers look for promising employees during open house sessions, often held on campus, with the intentions of recruiting those interested in human resources and resource development.

Short answers about Introduction to Political Economy Essay - 3

Short answers about Introduction to Political Economy - Essay Example In a bid to take over the market, firms enhance internal efficiency, adopt new technologies, invest in innovations, and reduce inefficiency on managerial level (Office of Fair Trading 6). In the economic systems that are based on free markets, the latter are major determinants of market outcomes. In the situation when the market failure occurs because of the fact that this market’s quality, price, or quantity do not meet established social welfare norms, economic regulation is used. Its major aim is to prevent market failure. It is desirable since it prevents the market failure (Jacobs & Rapoport 353). The major difference between capture theory and public interest theory is that the latter believes that regulation is inherently effective: it leads to the society getting better off. By contrast, capture theories assert that regulation works in the interest of a particular group which has succeeded in making its case to some regulatory agency or some legislative body (Hovenkamp 133) In his Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx lists 10 steps needed to destroy the system of free enterprise and replace it with system of all-powerful governmental rule. This will bring in the communist state. These steps of 10 Planks of The Communist Manifesto are 1) abolition of private property and giving all land rents for public use; 2) a heavy progressive (or graduated) income tax; 3) abolition of rights of inheritance; 4) property confiscation from all rebels and emigrants; 5) centralization of credit in the state’s hands through national bank; 6) centralization all transportation and communications in the state’s hands; 7) factories’ extension; waste lands’ cultivation; 8) equal liability of all people to labor; 9) agriculture and manufacture combination, as well as equitable population distribution around the country; 10) free education in all public schools (Sims 194). The earliest position in the timeline of

charant Empathy for Characters in Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

Empathy for Characters in Sophocle's Antigone Sophocle's tragic play Antigone, written in 441 BC, is a theatrical piece of drama in which an audience is compelled to empathize with its character's. When empathizing with characters in Antigone the audience can, in imaginative and cognitive ways, participate in the understanding of a character's feelings, ideas as well as their situations. Antigone, Creon and Ismene all struggle with decisions that concern the laws of their city and the cosmic law of religion and moral judgement. Characters such as Haemon and Eurydice ultimately show the consequences of the decision formed by the two protagonists. Amongst the audience, empathy is created for both; characters faced with agonizing decisions and characters inflicted with tormenting consequences. The levels of empathy felt for each character changes as the story develops and as different qualities are revealed about each character. The amount of empathy felt for a character effects not only the reading of that character but also the m eaning of the play. The first scene of the play involves Antigone asking her sister to go against the laws of the state to help her give the proper burial rites to their brother Polynices. In the first scene there is an immediate sense of empathy felt towards Antigone as she express her feelings of misfortune to Ismene. 'My own flesh and blood - dear sister, dear Ismene, how many griefs our father Oedipus handed down! Do you know one, I ask you, one grief that Zeus will not perfect for the two of us... (p59) By introducing Antigone to the audience as the daughter of the Oedipus the empathy felt toward the tragic hero Oedipus is somewhat inherited by Antigone. The audience reflects on the hardships that the incestuous family of Oedipus have already endured and realizes that the wretched fate of Oedipus is still bringing grief in to Antigone's life. This immediately gives the audience an insight into Antiogne's personal feelings and gives the audience the opportunity to feel empathy for the pain that plagues her life simply because she was born as the daughter of an ill-fated man. Because the audience has been put into a position where they feel empathy for Antigone her character is read with a sympathetic understanding, allowing any of her actions to be considered rational in her situation. Despite the immediate empathy felt toward Antigone because of the connection between herself and Oedipus, the audience is obliged to feel empathy for Antigone because her two brothers at war against each other clashed and won the common prize of death (p66).

Occupy Wall Street Movement

Krystal Graham â€Å"Occupy Wall Street† Business Ethics Professor: Steven Curry â€Å"Occupy Wall Street† The â€Å"Occupy Wall Street† movement has become a big deal since it began in the fall of 2011. This movement was inspired by international protests, with thousands arriving in New York City answering the call, soon spreading to well over 500 cities. I would like to discuss more of the details of the movement, the moral and economic implications, as well as the different ethics theories to see which theory best applies to the movement.The Arab Springs protest on February 11, 2011 was the most notable inspiration of the Occupy Wall Street movement. According to the website occupy together, the occupy movement is an international movement driven by individuals. They are organized in over 100 cities in the United States, and they aim to fight back against the system that has allowed the rich to get richer and the poor to get poorer. All of us have many differe nt backgrounds and political beliefs but feel that, since we can no longer trust our elected officials to represent anyone other than their wealthiest donors, we need real people to create real change from the bottom up†¦ We no longer want the wealthiest to hold all the power, to write the rules governing an unbalanced and inequitable global economy, and thus foreclosing on our future. The movement works to achieve their goals by resist, In the spirit and tradition of civil disobedience #occupy takes to the streets to protest corporate greed, abuse of power, and growing economic disparity; Restructure, #occupy empowers individuals to lead others into action by gathering in the commons as engaged citizens to demonstrate a culture based on community and mutual aid. We will be the change we are seeking in the world; and finally, Remix work to make fundamental changes in the system.Now that we know a little more about the movement itself, let us look at some of the moral and econom ic implications of this movement. In the Constitution, the Fourteenth Amendment requires that the government provide â€Å"equal protection of the laws† to all citizens. The moral implications of the Occupy Wall Street movement reach far beyond the passing sensation it has created. The movement seems to be acquiring immunity from the laws the rest of us are expected to obey by calling themselves representatives of the 99 percent against the 1 percent.If 99 percent of the people in the country were like the Occupy mobs we would have anarchy, not a country. Democracy means majority rule, not mob rule, and if Occupy or any other mob movement actually represents the majority, they would have enough votes to legally achieve what they are trying to accomplish by illegal means. In problems of collective action, individuals who work solely for their own selfish interests can bring about tragic consequences for society as a whole. The only way for collective action problems to be solv ed is to create coordinated collaborations that unite social and individual interests.The â€Å"collective† element is paramount because even one â€Å"defector† (someone who acts selfishly, like those who stand accused of criminal acts at Occupy Wall Street camps) has the power to run everything by leading others to defect as well. I found an example of the Occupy movement being about the law on the national review website. â€Å"When trespassers blocking other people at the University of California-Davis refused to disperse and locked their arms with one another to prevent the police from being able to physically remove them, police finally resorted to pepper spray to break up this human logjam.The result? The police have been strongly criticized for enforcing the law. Apparently pepper spray is unpleasant, and people who break the law are not supposed to have unpleasant things done to them. Which is to say, we need to take the â€Å"enforcement† out of †Å"law enforcement. † The police are the last line of defense against barbarism, but they are equipped only to handle that minority who are not stopped by the first line of defense, moral principles. If everyone takes the path of least resistance, then the moral infrastructure will corrode and crumble.The moral infrastructure is one of the intangibles without which the tangibles don’t work. Like the physical infrastructure, its neglect in the short run invites disaster in the long run. Examples of real, measurable Occupy inspired change in the political sphere are hard to come by, though a band of millionaires did storm Capital Hill on Wednesday November 16, according to an article by the Associated Press to urge Congress to tax them more, claiming they are not paying their â€Å"fair share. The financial crisis caused a deep recession in our economy, and there are many individuals who are struggling to make ends meet and to get a job and to live their lives given the e conomic difficulties. I think there is an understandable frustration with the difficult economic circumstances that many families are experiencing now and a desire for change. There is one cost associated with Occupy Wall Street that is readily available, and that is the cost incurred by police as they patrolled the movement, originally in a watchdog status, and eventually as they cleared protestors from parks throughout the country.According to the Associated Press, as of November 24, taxpayers had paid at least $13 million in police overtime and municipal services. This includes $7 million in New York and $2. 4 million in Oakland, which faces a budget gap of $58 million this year. Utilitarianism is the moral doctrine that we should always act to produce the greatest possible balance of good over bad for everyone affected by our actions. The interests of the community are simply the sum of the interest of its members. An action promotes the interests of an individual when it adds t o the individual’s pleasure or diminishes the person’s pain.There are six points that need to be considered about utilitarianism. First, when deciding which action will produce the greatest happiness, we must consider unhappiness or pain as well happiness. Second, actions affect people to different degrees. Third, because utilitarians evaluate actions according to their consequences and because actions produce different results in different circumstances, almost anything might in principle, be morally right in some particular situation. Fourth, utilitarians wish to maximize happiness not simply immediately but in the long run as well.Fifth, utilitarians acknowledge that we often do not know with certainty what the future consequences of our actions will be. Finally, when choosing among possible actions, utilitarianism does not require us to disregard our own pleasure, nor should we give it added weight. Immanuel Kant sought moral principles that do not rest on continge ncies and that define actions as inherently right or wrong apart from any particular circumstances. He believed that moral rules can, in principle, be known as a result of reason lone and are not based on observation. Kantian theory uses the categorical imperative which says that we can will the maxim of our action to become a universal law. By maxim, Kant meant the subjective principle of an action, the principle that people in effect formulate in determining their conduct. Another way of looking at the categorical imperative is universal acceptability. Each person, through his or her own acts of will, legislates the moral law. Because reason is the same for all rational beings, we all give ourselves the same moral law.In other words, when you answer the question â€Å"What should I do? † you must consider what all rational beings should do. You can embrace something as a moral law only if all other rational beings can also embrace it. It must have universal acceptability. I n addition to the principle of universal acceptability, Kant explicitly offered another, very famous way of formulating the core idea of his categorical imperative. According to this formulation, as rational creatures we should always treat other rational creatures as ends in themselves and never as only means to our ends.Virtue ethics is identified as the one that emphasizes the virtues, or moral character, in contrast to the approach which emphasizes duties or rules or that which emphasizes the consequences of actions. Out of the theories, utilitarian, Kantian, and virtue ethics, I believe the Occupy Wall Street movement tries to follow the utilitarian theory. The movement is attempting to end the relationship built on money and donations between our elected officials and corporate interests.They want a system that operates in the interest of the people and to empower people to be a part of the process. They say they represent the 99 percent, and trying to make a change to have eq ual distribution of wealth for the country, which is what they feel is the best interest of the country as a whole. The income inequality and unequal wealth distribution in the United States is something that has been building over time and is not really any one person or companies fault. Many of the wealthy have earned the money by working hard to get to where they are now.There are many issues involved in the wealth distribution in our country, including that many of the poor have gotten poorer due to the lack of jobs as well as the fact that many of the mortgage companies allowed people to get into more debt by handing out home loans to people who wanted to purchase homes way out of their price ranges. This is also the fault of the people who got themselves into those positions. I am not sure if there is an equitable outcome from this movement, but I am sure this movement will continue, and if not, there will be another movement similar to this one.